Material crushing appartus



NOV- 13, 1962 w. ossENBRxNK 3,063,648

MATERIAL CRUSHING APPARATUS Filed July 2, 1962 Wilhelm Osse/vbrz'nk United *States arent 3,063,648 MATERIAL CRUSHING APPARATUS Wilhelm Ossenhrink, Koln-Kalk, Germany, assignor t Chemische Fabrik Kalk G.m.b.H., Koln-Kalk, Germany Filed July 2, 1962, Ser. No. 206,580 3 Claims. (Cl. 2411-235) This invention relates to a material crushing apparatus and, in particular, to an improved roller jaw Crusher.

Crushing devices are conventionally used to reduce large pieces of material to smaller pieces which can later be further ground, as in a roller mill, to final size.

The coarse material crushers heretofore used are socalled jaw crushers, rotary Crushers, or crushing rollers. In the jaw crusher, the large pieces of material are crushed betwen `two rollers, one of which is mounted in such a way that it is movable to the other fixed roller and periodically moved toward the fixed roller in order to crush material between the rollers. In a rotary Crusher, the large pieces of material fall into a wide conically shaped funnel in which a centrally located cone is mounted with its apex upwardly. The cone is oscillated. The inner wall of the funnel and the outer surface of the cone are provided with ribs. When the cone is oscillated, the large pieces of material are crushed by the ribs.

The crushing roller device is composed substantially of two rollers which rotate in opposite directions. Each roller is composed of individual discs which are fixed to a square shaft. Sometimes the individual discs are provided with sharp ribs or other projections which are supposed to effect a better breaking of the coarse material.

However, these heretofore known crushing roller devices are extremely sensitive to foreign matter mixed with the material to be crushed, which foreign'martter cannot be easily broken, if at all. Consequently, one of the rollers is resiliently supported by springs in order to avoid this disadvantage in that this roller can give way when pushed by ythe foreign matter, with the result that the foreign matter is passed through the crushing device in original or partially crushed form. However, the resilient mounting of one of the rollers does not always prevent the foreign matter from damaging the sharpened ribs or projections contained on the roller discs.

Each of the above crushing devices has the further disadvantage in that the parts become coated when material 0f soft consistency is being crushed. Such soft material may be the residue left during the process of making granulated fertilizer and means that the crushing devices have to be cleaned relatively often in order to maintain their full operational efficiency.

The object of this invention is to produce a crushing device for the crushing of coarse pieces of material, which device is not injured by unbreakable foreign matter or hard materials diflicult to crush and which does not become coated with the material being crushed.

In general, this and other objects of this invention are obtained by using a crushing device having two rollers for the crushing of coarse material. The lower roller is driven by any suitable means. Above this lower roller is an upper roller loosely surrounded by a plurality of rings along its entire longitudinal length, which rings are engageable with the surface of the lower roller. The inner diameter of the rings is at least from about 1.05 to 1.3 times the outer diameter of the upper roller.

The upper and lower rollers preferably have the same diameter, although it is possible to use rollers with different diameters. The rollers are made of a hard and relatively unyielding material such as steel.

The upper roller is preferably vertically offset with respect to the lower roller so that a line drawn through ICC" the axes of the rollers forms an angle of from 30 to 70 with respect to the horizontal. The inner diameter of the disc rings and Ithe radial thickness of said rings surrounding the upper roller are such that their combined lengths are greater than the distance between the peripheral surfaces of the upper and lower rollers. Therefore, the rings can freely engage the surface of the lower roller and can be lifted from the surface of the lower roller for a limited distance by the material being crushed between the rollers without displacing ythe axis of the upper roller.

The lower roller has a continuously running drive. Shields are fixed to the ends of the lower roller, which shields have a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the lower roller and serve to constrain the material going between the rollers and the rings to within the area defined by the length of the rollers.

The upper roller is rotatably mounted but not separately driven. This roller is `surrounded along substantially its entire length by loosely mounted rings whose interior diameter is substantially greater than the outer diameter of the upper roller. Thus the inner diameter of each ring is about from 1.05 to 1.3 times the outer diameter of the upper roller. In the preferred form of this device, alternate large and small rings are used in which the inner diameters of the large rings are less than the outer diameters of the small rings. Thus the width of each ring measured from its outer to its inner periphery is larger than the distance between the outer periphery of the ring and the surface of the lower roller. These rings are not necessarily all of equal width and equal breadth.

The upper and lower rollers are mounted on a fixed frame in such a way that they are adjustable with respect to one another so that the distance between the rollers can be set according to the coarseness of the material being crushed.

It is preferred that the lower roller is journalled in bearings fixed to a stationary frame, while the upper roller is mounted in such a way that the upper roller can be lifted with respect to the lower roller while the material is being crushed and, after being lifted, will again return to its original position. Such a movable mounting can be either a. spring-loaded resilient support, or a frame which is pivotal around a fixed point.

During use, the lower roller is continuously rotated. This rotary movement is transferred to the rings which engage the lower roller and also to a certain extent to the rotatable upper roller. The coarse material being crushed is fed through the opening between the rings and the surface of the lower roller. Because of the rotary movement, especially that of the lower roller and the rings, the coarse material is forced through this opening and crushed. Large pieces of the coarse material force the rings against the upper roller so that such large pieces are as well crushed.

When the upper roller is mounted so that it can be lifted away from the lower roller, then the upper roller is pushed upwardly so that even larger pieces of coarse material are fed to the opening between the rollers. Consequently, the upper roller then presses with its entire weight and with la force tending to bring it back into its original position onto these even larger pieces of coarse material to crush the same. However, any foreign matter with the coarse material and not crushable will then pass between the rollers without damaging the rollers or the rings.

Because of the constant movement of the rings around the upper roller and sidewise against one another, as well as on the lower roller, any material being crushed which might adhere to the surfaces of the crushing device is immediately removed. This means that it is possible to crush coarse material of a soft consistency as, for example, the granular material encountered during the manufacture of fertilizer without having the material coat or foul the crushing mechanism.

The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE l is an elevational View of the device; and

FIGURE 2 is a side view of the device as viewed in the direction of the arrow A, FIGURE 1.

As seen in the drawings, the horizontal leg of the supporting frame 1 carries the lower roller 2 by means of the roller axle 3 being journalled in the pair of bearings 3a. The lower roller is driven by means of the pulley sheave 4. A circular shield 5 is mounted on each end, respectively, of roller 2. On the vertical legs of frame 1 are a pair of brackets 6A to which are pivotally attached a pair of arms 7. The free end of each arm 7 is held in an adjusted position by means of a threaded stern S having its lower end secured to the horizontal leg of frame 1 by a pivot pin 8a. Stem S extends through a large opening or slot in arm 7 and is held from dropping by a nut 8b threaded on stem 8. Upper roller 9 is mounted on arm 7 by means of a pair of bearings 9U. The distance between lower roller 2 and upper roller 9 can be adjusted by means of the nuts 8b. Small rings 10 alternated with large rings 11 surround the upper roller 9 substantially throughout its entire longitudinal length. The inner diameter of each ring is larger than the outer diameter of roller 9, and the distance between lower roller 2 and upper roller 9 is less than the inner diameter plus the radial thickness of the largest ring.

The coarse material to be crushed is fed into the opening between the upper and lower rollers by means of a chute 12 and the crushed pieces are discharged through the hopper 13.

When oversized coarse pieces or unbreakable foreign matter, such as pieces of iron, are fed between the upper and lower rollers, the rings 10 and 11 will press against the upper roller 9 and this roller will be raised as arms 7 40 pivot on brackets `6. Consequently, hard pieces of foreign matter can pass through the crushing device without damaging the same. However, large pieces of the coarse material which is to be crushed will be crushed by the additional weight of the upper roller 9 and the movable arms 7 which naturally drop to their original position as set by the nuts 8b.

The crushing device of this invention is adapted for crushing coarse material which is ordinarily crushed in coarse crushing roller machines. Coarse materials of soft consistency can also be crushed by the crushing device of this invention without coating or fouling the rings and rollers. This invention has the further advantage, -as compared to heretofore used crushing devices, in that the unbreakable foreign matter mixed with the material to be crushed can pass through the device without damaging the same in any way.

Having now described the means by which the objects of the invention are obtained,

I claim:

1. An apparatus for crushing large pieces of material comprising a lower roller, means for driving said lower roller, an upper roller parallel to and spaced from said lower roller, a plurality of rings loosely surrounding said upper roller along substantially the entire longitudinal length thereof and engageable with the peripheral surface of said lower roller, and said rings having an inner diameter at least from about 1.05 to 1.3 times the outer diameter of said upper roller.

2. An apparatus as in claim i, further comprising means mounting said upper roller for varying the distance between the upper and lower rollers and with the axis of said upper roller vertically oiset from the axis of the lower roller at an angle of about 30 to 70 with respect to the horizontal.

3. An apparatus 1as in claim 2, said rings further comprising alternate large and small rings with the inner diameters of the large rings being less than the outer diameters of the small rings.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 673,768 Fleming May 7, 1901 2,638,388 Tunley May 12, 1953 3,034,173 Worn et al May 15, 1962 

